In experiments on calves at growing of 160-260-day-old a positive effect of microbial preparations of enzyme probiotic DBA «ProStor» and preparation I-Sak¹⁰²⁶ on productivity of experimental animals was determined. Biochemical blood indices confirm the data of scientific and economic research. Use of microbiological agents in the diets of calves has also led to reduced forage spends for 1 kg of live weight gain which improves the efficiency of young cattle growing.

The studies helped to determine that the wet crushed sunflower seed is perfectly stored using method of ensilage without preservatives and thus has a high nutritional value of 12,63 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter. The inclusion of wet crushed sunflower seeds in diets promotes obtaining high nutrients digestibility coefficients: dry matter - 68,7 %, crude protein - 71,5, crude fat - 65,2, BES - 79,7 %, which proves the possibility of complete replacement of sunflower meal in diets for cows.

At 2,5 months of age after six weeks of stay in the vivarium of the Institute Kholmogor breed bulls were divided into 2 groups of 3 animals in each. Animals got plenty concentrates and hay. In Group I base feed was tritikale-oat mixture with 10 % of corn, 17,7 soybean meal, 8,8 % sunflower-seed meal with finite mineral and vitamin supplements, and 4.5 months of age, those with diets consumed 4,93 kg DM, 42.9 MJ of metabolizable energy, 812 g of crude protein (278 g in it was undegradable protein). Calves of group II received peas, processed by autoclaving, hay and 0,5 kg of grain mixture of tritikale-oat with the introduction of mineral-vitamin supplements with the consumption of 5,22 kg of dry matter, 58,2 MJ of metabolizable energy, 1144 g of crude protein (228 g in it was undegradable protein). In group II calves at 3,5 months of age with a high consumption of relatively low compared to calves in group I (46,3%) activity of pyruvate carboxylase before feeding at almost equal concentrations of glucose in the blood plasma indicated the synthesis of glucose from amino acids and more starch intake in the intestinal. Significantly higher activity of lactatedehydrogenase in the blood plasma of group I calves should lead to an increase in concentration of pyruvate and pyruvate carboxylase activity, as shown in relation to pyruvate carboxylase in the experiment. At this level of feeding daily gain during the period was in group I of 1241 ± 120, in group II - 7,2 % lower. Determination of creatinine and urine in daily urine showed that more calves of group II excreted undigested nitrogen. When transferring the calves at the lower feeding rates the enzyme activity in blood plasma of calves of both groups become equal, indicating a predominantly rated using of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. At the same time the average daily gain decreased in both groups in proportion relative to the preceding weighed (group I - 79,9%, group II - 79,1 %).

Implementation of developed base concentrates to the composition of new types of milk replacers ensures enough high parameters of their nutrition value. Offered types of replacers surpassed base types not only on quality of fat, but also on the level of fat: 12,5-12,6 % on the average, against 11-12 % in base types of replacers. The ratings of safety of developed types of replacers did not exceed extreme concentration. Price decrease (on the average by 23,2 %) of new types of substitutes along with appreciable increase (on the average by 13,2 %) of calves weight gain at their feeding, significant total economic benefit was provided. Cost of obtained gains on 1 rouble of expenditures to new types of milk replacers increased on the average 1,48 times or by 47,5 %, as compared with actually used replacers.

Researches helped to identify breed differences of certain food nutrients (including crude protein and essential amino acids) in the consumption and use effect on the growth. In the physiological experiment when balancing the diets with synthetic amino acids and the constant exchange of energy a significant increase of 6,5 % (P <0,05) of average daily deposits of protein was determined per unit of metabolic live weight of pigs. Amino acid composition of the most valuable parts of carcasses of different genotypes is relatively constant and can be used as a reference when developing a model of energy and amino acid supply for young pigs. Energy conversion rate of feed products from animals into meat and fat products of animals of large white breed was 0,719, while the Belarusian meat breed - 0,730. Thus, the higher the meatiness of animals the less metabolizable energy and amino acids are used by the body for the synthesis of muscle body weight.

It is determined that introduction of 12% of rapeseed meal in the mixed feed for young pigs on fattening leads to a decrease in average daily gain of live weight at 11,77 g or 2,09 % over the period of growing. Increase up to 12 % of rapeseed meal content has no negative effect on slaughter carcass yield, which was in the range 64,76-66,07 %, but leads to an increase in heart weight at 10,77%, liver - 1,75 %, kidney - at 1,61 %, intra fat - at 16,99 %, spleen weight reduction - at 5,56 %. Introduction 12 % of rapeseed meal into the feed for young pigs on fattening increases the cost of 1 kg of live weight at 2,16 % and reduces the notional profit at 7,88 %.

As a result of research the following key indicators were determined: the content of the metabolizable energy - 0,74 MJ, dry matter - 64,5 g, protein - 7,4 g, fat - 0,2 g, lactose - 49,2 g, ash - 7,8 g, calcium - 1,1 g, phosphorus - 0,8 g, pH of deoxidized casein acid whey is 5,0-5,6. The maximum storage period of deoxidized whey was determined. At a storage temperature of +20 °C the whey pH 5,6-5,0 is retained no more than 3 days, at temperature of +5 °C up to 7 days. In experiments on the deoxidation of the whey it was determined that most efficient deoxidizer is baking soda, and the cheapest one - OPSUK. In the scientific and economic experiments with sulfuric acid casein deoxidized whey which took 10% of the nutrient value of feed mixture for piglets at fattening it was found that the average daily live weight gain in the experimental animals increased by 9,6 %, with deoxidized hydrochloric acid casein whey increase energy of growth was increased by 3,3 %. As a result additional notional profit per one animal amounted to 41,500 rubles when feeding with deoxidized sulfuric acid whey and 20,550 rubles when feeding with deoxidized hydrochloric acid whey.

The use of feed additives on the basis of extruded grain of rape, lupine, vetch, peas and vitamid in mixed feed instead of sunflower meal allows to obtain the average daily gain of calves of 850-920 g at forage spends of 4,7-4,9 c of forage units.

Results on use of biological preparations received from sapropel in diets for calves are presented. Feeding with preparations have stimulating effect on organism of animals. Their inclusion in diet raises daily average gain on 6,8-8,0%. Introduction of small doses of these preparations 0,2ml/kg of live weight improves metabolic processes, raises immunity of organism and safety of animals.

Materials of the dry fractionating of hay lots of alfalfa are presented of sowing at the stationary equipment of UFS and production of granules with higher level of sheet faction. Increase of leaves number of alfalfa in the structure of granules up to 80 % increases digestible protein level up to to 148 g, and carotin - up to 246 mg in 1 kilogram of forage.

The positive effect of experimental silos fed of mixture of paiza and lupine was determined, which allowed to increase milk production in experimental animals to 23,74-24,58 kg of milk, or 4,7-8,4 %, with an increase in fatness to 3,55-3,66, or 0,08-0,19 higher than in the control group fed with corn silage. The production test confirmed a positive effect of silos made of the mixture of paiza and lupine varieties «Gulliver», thus improving the productivity of cows by 4,6 % and reducing the cost of feed for produce by 9,4 %, as well as to obtain an additional profit per cow of 3163 rubles per day from product sales, and taking into account the cost savings and the difference in the amount of the resulting product for the year the profit makes 2592 rubles.

Studies have shown that enrichment of animal feed for pigs at growing and fattening with a complex system «Newtox» to bind mycotoxins contributes to the average daily live weight gain increase of animals at the 9,2 %, decrease in feed cost per 1 kg of live weight gain - 8,4 % that made it possible to increase the profitability of pigs fattening by 4,9 %.

The studies helped to determine that feeding lactating cows with rapeseeds in the amount of 15 % by weight of mixed feed improves dairy productivity by 8,6 % and gives additional profit of $ 89 thousand rubles. Implementation of rape flour in an amount of 17 % to mixed feed decreased milk productivity and economic efficiency pf production.

When Hotimsk food supplements is used based on Hotimsk area tripoli deposits «Stalnoe» in Mogilev region as part of feed for young cattle at a dosage of 1 %, 2 and 3 % by weight of concentrates a positive impact on the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is determined as well as receipt of additional products in the amount of 7,5 % at the input level equal to 2 %.

The results of rearing the larvae of Lena sturgeon. In the course of the research, found that an increase in stocking density from 1.0 thousand to 1.5 thousand individuals/m2 individuals/m2 for rearing larvae of Lena sturgeon stimulates the development of food search reflex, reduces the period of the beginning of active feeding up to 8 days . The feeding with an increase in stocking density from 1.0 thousand to 1.5 thousand individuals/m2 individuals/m2 increases. With further increase in planting density reduced. The same dependence is characteristic for the index number of species consumed by zooplankton.

The use of casein sulfuric acid whey in diets for young cattle can increase the energy growth by 8,3 %, reduce the consumption of grass feeds by 10-15 %, and reduce production costs by 9-10 %.

The efficiency of energy and protein mineral supplement with «protected» protein on the basis of rapeseed in the diets for dairy cows was studied. It is determined that inclusion in diet of 20 % of developed feed additive improves milk efficiency by 7,8 % and 4%-milk obtained - by 10,9 % more than in the control group, while also increasing the content of fat by 0,2 pp. Feeding cows with supplements with «protected» protein reduces the level of urea in the blood by 22,2 %, AST - by 12,4 %, ALT - by 5,3 %, which shows normalization of nitrogen metabolism in the rumen, increasing efficiency of nitrogen use, normalization of the liver functions, and generally it all contributes to creation of better conditions for increasing milk production. With the introduction of feed supplement in diets of cows 1,0 ruble of profit per 1 ruble of spends was obtained that is economically justified.

The efficiency of energy and protein mineral supplement with «protected» protein on the basis of rapeseed in the diets for dairy cows was studied. It is determined that inclusion in diet of 20 % of developed feed additive improves milk efficiency by 7,8 % and 4%-milk obtained - by 10,9 % more than in the control group, while also increasing the content of fat by 0,2 pp. Feeding cows with supplements with «protected» protein reduces the level of urea in the blood by 22,2 %, AST - by 12,4 %, ALT - by 5,3 %, which shows normalization of nitrogen metabolism in the rumen, increasing efficiency of nitrogen use, normalization of the liver functions, and generally it all contributes to creation of better conditions for increasing milk production. With the introduction of feed supplement in diets of cows 1,0 ruble of profit per 1 ruble of spends was obtained that is economically justified.

For the first time in the soil and climatic conditions of the Vitebsk region a comparative evaluation of the yield of green mass and qualitative composition of sorghum and millet plants was carried out. Yield of green mass on crops of paiza was 63.9 t / ha, sorghum of sudank hybrid - 51,1 t/ha, and yield of millet - 38,7 t/ha. Dried green-mass of sorghum crops for 2-3 hours reduces the concentration of during 2 times, and forage becomes safe.

As a result of scientific and economic research of efficiency of biologically active food supplement «Ipan» in the amount of 27, 36 and 44 ml / kg of feed, or 0,15, 0,20 and 0,25 ml per 1 kg of body weight, its positive impact was determined, contributing to increased productivity of young animals by 3,6-8,9 %, reduced costs of feed by 0,79-5,34 % and weigh gain cost compared to control group by 2-7 %.

In experiments on calves of 30-105 days of age a positive impact of protected vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on live weight gain, digestibility of main nutrients of a diet, rumen digestion process performance of experimental animals was determined. With the help of T-RFLP-analysis changes in the composition of the rumen microbial community of calves at the age of 4,5 months under the influence of probiotic being studied were examined. The positive effect of protected vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on the microflora, expressed in the increase in the total number of bacteria, as well as the content of cellulolytic, amilolitic and proteolytic microsymbionts was determined.

The use of selenium in the mixed feed KR-1 counted per 0,2 mg for 1 kg of dry matter increases the conversion of energy into produce by 3,8 % and average daily weight gain of calves by 14,1 %.

Feed additives with local sources of energy and protein make it possible to reduce the prime cost of feed by 12-14 %, and the prime cost of calves weight gain - by 12-13 %.

It is determined that the use of tripoli for feeding young cattle has a positive effect on the physiological state of animals, as evidenced by morphological and biochemical composition of blood. The most effective rate of implementation of tripoli in a diet for young cattle is: KR-1 - 1,5 %, KR-2 - 2 %, KR-3 - 2-2,5 %

It was determined that feeding calves with KR-1 mixed feed with the inclusion of 15 % by weight of 3COM increases daily weight gain by 2,0 % and provides 95 thousand rubles of profit from prime cost reduction per one animal in the growing period.

It was determined that the introduction of a feed additive PMK to calves in milk replacer and mixed feed in the number of 30 and 10 ml per animal, respectively, had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of blood and could increase the growth rate of calves by 6,6 %.

Studies on calves on fattening helped to determine that replacement of sunflower meal with rapeseed cake meal in amount of 20 % by weight not only helps to increase average daily gain of calves by up to 854 g, but also reduces the prime cost of weight gain by 17,5 % with an increase of profit per one animals for the experimental period by up to 65 %.

The experiments helped to determine that the use of multi-component highly productive legume and cereal pastures allows to carry out in the creation day the second cycle of pasturing and obtain in the summer grazing period a highly succulent and heavy forage. Creating legume and cereal multi-component pastures of local selection provides nutrition value of 1 kg of dry matter of pasture grass on the level of 0,93-0,97 forage units, 10,6-10,95 MJ of metabolizable energy and 121-135 g of digestible protein. Pasturing by highly productive cows with milk yield of 6,0-7,0 thousand kg of milk per lactation of pasture grass of multicomponent mixtures increased the average milk yield of natural milk by 6,8 % compared with milk yields of cows pasturing at cereal grass. Consumption by cows of multi-component mixtures of cereal and legume compared with animals pasturing at cereal pasture has led to an increase in nitrogen balance in the grazing period by 32,4 % and improved digestibility of nutrients (except for crude fat).

The experiments helped to determine that the application for highly productive dry pregnant cows with milk yield of 7000 kg and during the winter of moderately increased levels of minerals and vitamins per 1 kg of dry matter intake in comparison with the norms of Agricultural Sciences (2003) is accompanied by an increase of milk yield in the first 2 months of lactation of natural milk by 5,0 and 5,3 %, respectively, increase of digestibility ratios of dry and organic matter by 1,9-2,1 % and 2,2-2,4 %, improving use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, macro and microelements.

Feeding silage prepared of a mixture of corn and rumex K-1 in the ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 does not have a significant effect on nutrient digestibility of diets. Consumption and intake of nitrogen increases by 8,5-38,2 %, calcium - by 5-23,6 %, respectively.

It is determined that the biochemical parameters of blood in lactating cows confirmed low level of nutrients in a diet. Deficiency of energy, protein, carotene, microelements elements are accompanied by disorders of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to a decrease in dairy performance, ketosis and acidosis, impaired reproduction function, increased levels of culled animals. In view of these data recipes of address mixed feeds and premixes for the cows on these farms were developed with the help of a computer program «AVA-DIET». Their use normalizes liver function and metabolism, increases productivity of animals.

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of bio-stimulator irkutin in mixed feed for young pigs on fattening. The above scientific and economic experience has shown that the use of feed preparation irkutin at a dose of 0,006 % by weight increases the rate of growth of young pigs by 11,9 %, increases the metabolic and protective functions of the body, reduces the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain by 10,7 % and only slightly (0,5 %) increases the profitability of pork production. With that there is no residual of irkutin preparation in meat of pigs.

Optimization of system of feeding replacement heifers on the basis of developed diets with the inclusion of probiotics of domestic production, as well as dry skimmed milk replacer with BVMS of high nutrition value allowed in a period of 1-3 months to obtain live weight daily gain of 787-797 g with forage spends per 1 kg of weigh gain if 3,65-3,78 forage units, to increase the energy in the weight gain by 7,2-8,7 %, to reduce production costs by 5,8 %.

In physiological studies have it was determined that feeding calves of 5 to 6 months of age with additive «Ipan» in the amount of 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ml per 1 kg of body weight increases the digestibility of dry matter by 1,2-3,1 percentage points, organic - by 1,6-3,5 percentage points, protein - by 1,3-6,1 percentage points, fat - by 1,5-2,9 percentage points, fiber - by 1,3-3,1 percentage points, BEV - by 2,0-3,2 percentage points The use of supplements at a dose of 0,2 ml per 1 kg of body weight had a positive effect on the use of nitrogen of feed by animals as compared to another groups by 1,0-3,0 percentage points, the use of calcium - by 2,9-7,0 percentage points, phosphorus - by 3,7 percentage points.

Productive effect of feeding lactating cows with green mass of maize, sorghum and maize mixture with lupine, grown on the territory with radionuclide pollution was studied. It is determined that the use of green mass consisting of a mixture of maize and lupine can increase the average daily milk yield by 12.9% compared with green mass of corn in its pure form. In the experiment transition ratios of¹³⁷Cs и⁹⁰Sr from diet into in the milk on the basis of green mass of sorghum, mixture of corn and lupine were determined.

Feeding calves with extruded food concentrate in mixed feed KR-1 in the amount of 10 % by weight contributes to activation of microbial processes in the rumen, which improves average daily weight gain by 8 %, decreases the cost of feed by 9 % and allows to obtain additional profit of 80,5 thousand rubles for the period of the experiment.

Feeding calves with extruded food concentrate in mixed feed KR-1 in the amount of 10 % by weight contributes to activation of microbial processes in the rumen, which improves average daily weight gain by 8 %, decreases the cost of feed by 9 % and allows to obtain additional profit of 80,5 thousand rubles for the period of the experiment.