Growth and metabolism of Kholmogor bulls under intensive growing during the milk nutrition

At 2,5 months of age after six weeks of stay in the vivarium of the Institute Kholmogor breed bulls were divided into 2 groups of 3 animals in each. Animals got plenty concentrates and hay. In Group I base feed was tritikale-oat mixture with 10 % of corn, 17,7 soybean meal, 8,8 % sunflower-seed meal with finite mineral and vitamin supplements, and 4.5 months of age, those with diets consumed 4,93 kg DM, 42.9 MJ of metabolizable energy, 812 g of crude protein (278 g in it was undegradable protein). Calves of group II received peas, processed by autoclaving, hay and 0,5 kg of grain mixture of tritikale-oat with the introduction of mineral-vitamin supplements with the consumption of 5,22 kg of dry matter, 58,2 MJ of metabolizable energy, 1144 g of crude protein (228 g in it was undegradable protein). In group II calves at 3,5 months of age with a high consumption of relatively low compared to calves in group I (46,3%) activity of pyruvate carboxylase before feeding at almost equal concentrations of glucose in the blood plasma indicated the synthesis of glucose from amino acids and more starch intake in the intestinal. Significantly higher activity of lactatedehydrogenase in the blood plasma of group I calves should lead to an increase in concentration of pyruvate and pyruvate carboxylase activity, as shown in relation to pyruvate carboxylase in the experiment. At this level of feeding daily gain during the period was in group I of 1241 ± 120, in group II - 7,2 % lower. Determination of creatinine and urine in daily urine showed that more calves of group II excreted undigested nitrogen. When transferring the calves at the lower feeding rates the enzyme activity in blood plasma of calves of both groups become equal, indicating a predominantly rated using of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. At the same time the average daily gain decreased in both groups in proportion relative to the preceding weighed (group I - 79,9%, group II - 79,1 %).

calves, crude protein, undegradable protein, pyruvate carboxylase, lactatedehydrogenase, glucose, daily gain

1. The effects of roasting temperature applied to whole soybeans on site of digestion by steers: II. Protein and amino acid digestion / C. G. Aldrich [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. -1995. - Vol. 73(7). - R. 2131-40.

2. Assessment of postruminal amino acid digestibility of roasted and extruded whole soybeans with the precision-fed rooster assay / C. G. Aldrich [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 1997. - Vol. 75(11). - R. 3046-51.

3. Influence of tempering on the feeding value of rolled corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle / R. A. Zinn [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 1998. - Vol. 76(9). - R. 2239-46.

4. Effects of ruminal administration of supplemental degradable intake protein and starch on utilization of low-quality warm-season grass hay by beef steers / K. C. Olson [et al.] // J. Anim Sci. - 1999. - Vol. 77(4). - R. 1016-25.

5. The effects of dry extrusion temperature of whole soybeans on digestion of protein and amino acids by steers / F. Orias [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 2002. - Vol. 80(9). - R. 2493-501.

6. Effect of corn processing on starch digestion and bacterial crude protein flow in finishing cattle / R. J. Cooper [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 2002. - Vol. 80(3). - P. 797-804.

7. Sviridova, S. Proteino-mineral'nye kontsentraty - rezerv uvelicheniya proizvodstva govyadiny / S. Sviridova, I. Dmitriev, B. Dzhulamanov // Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. - 2002. - № 5. - S. 16-18.

8. Vliyanie proteina s nizkoi raspadaemost'yu v rubtse na funktsional'nuyu aktivnost' nekotorykh zhelez vnutrennei sekretsii i produktivnost' otkarmlivaemykh bychkov / V. A. Matveev [i dr.] // Sb. nauchnykh trudov VNII fiziologii, biokhimii i pitaniya s.-kh. zhivotnykh. - Borovsk, 2002. - T. KhLI. - S. 97-105.

9. Kontsentratsiya gormonov i pokazateli myasnoi produktivnosti u otkarmlivaemykh bychkov pri ispol'zovanii kormov s raznoi raspadaemost'yu v rubtse proteina / V. A. Matveev [i dr.] // Perspektivnye napravleniya v proizvodstve i ispol'zovanii kombikormov i balansiruyushchikh dobavok : materialy III nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. - Dubrovitsy, 2003. - S. 97-99.

10. Kontsentratsiya glyukozy, gormonov v krovi i produktivnost' bychkov pri vyrashchivanii na myaso na fone raznogo urovnya proteina v ikh ratsione / V. P. Galochkina [i dr.] // Sb. nauchnykh trudov VNII fiziologii, biokhimii i pitaniya s.- kh. zhivotnykh. - Borovsk, 2004. - T. 43. - S. 176-183.

11. Slavetskii, B. D. Rekomendatsii po organizatsii kormleniya vysokoproduktivnykh korov / B. D. Slavetskii, I. Ya. Pakhomov, N. P. Razumovskii. - Vitebsk, 2005. - 33 s.

12. Effects of canola seed supplementation on intake, digestion, duodenal protein supply, and J microbial efficiency in steers fed forage-based diets / J. L. Leupp [et al.] // J. Anim Sci. - 2006. - Vol. 84 (2). - R. 499-507.

13. Kharitonov, E. L. Organizatsiya nauchno-obosnovannogo kormleniya vysokoproduktivnogo molochnogo skota : prakticheskie rekomendatsii / E. L. Kharitonov, V. I. Agafonov, L. V. Kharitonov. - Borovsk, 2008. - 105 s.

14. Ramazanov, I. G. Vliyanie barogidrotermicheskoi i khimicheskoi obrabotki na kachestvo ikh proteina i molochnuyu produktivnost' korov : avtoref. diss. … kand. biol. nauk / Ramazanov I.G. - Borovsk, 2010. - 24 s.

15. Pogosyan, D. G. Fiziologicheskoe obosnovanie povysheniya effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya proteina ratsionov krupnogo rogatogo skota pri primenenii fizicheskikh i khimicheskikh sposobov obrabotki kormov : avtoref. diss. … d-ra biol. nauk / Pogosyan D.G. - Borovsk, 2011. - 42 s.

16. Galochkina, V. P. Fiziologo-biokhimicheskaya kharakteristika metabolicheskogo tipa zhvachnykh zhivotnykh / V. P. Galochkina, V. A. Galochkin // Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. - 2010. - № 6. - S. 9-15.

17. Kharitonov, L. V. Osobennosti pishchevareniya i biologicheskoe obosnovanie pitaniya telyat v svyazi s razrabotkoi i ispol'zovaniem ZTsM : diss. … d-ra biol. nauk v forme nauch. dokl. / Kharitonov L.V. - Borovsk, 1991. - 44 s.

18. Galochkina, V. P. Aktivnost' fermentov tsikla Krebsa v tkanyakh molodnyaka krupnogo rogatogo skota, vyrashchivaemogo v usloviyakh promyshlennogo kompleksa : diss. … kand. biol. nauk / Galochkina V.P. - Borovsk, 1975. - 139 s.

19. Scrutton, M. C. Pyruvate carboxylase cpecific inactivation of acetyl-CoA-dependent oxaloacetate synthesis during modification of the enzyme by trinitrobensene sulfonate / M. C. Scrutton, M. D. Wnite // J. Biol. Chem. - 1973. - Vol. 248. - P. 5541-5544.

20. Galochkina, V. P. Opredelenie aktivnosti piruvatkarboksilazy / V. P. Galochkina // Metody biokhimicheskogo analiza. - Borovsk, 1997. - S. 240-249.

21. Zhavoronkov, L. P. Statisticheskie metody v eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsine/ L. P. Zhavoronkov. - Obninsk, 2011. - 51 s.

22. Kharitonov, L. V. Sintez pepsinogena v slizistoi sychuga u ovets / L. V. Kharitonov, V. I. Agafonov // Trudy Vsesoyuz. soveshchaniya po fiziologicheskim i geneticheskim osnovam povysheniya effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya kormov v zhivotnovodstve. - Borovsk, 1973. - S. 101-102.

23. Moshkina, S. V. Prevrashchenie uglevodov v predzheludkakh molodnyaka cherno-pestrogo golshtinizirovannogo skota / S. V. Moshkina // Zootekhniya. - 2006. - № 1. - S. 17-18.

24. Sineshchekov, A. D. Biologiya pitaniya sel'skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh / A. D. Sineshchekov. - M., 1965. - 320 s.

25. Kurilov, N. V. Vozrastnye izmeneniya pishchevareniya mezhutochnogo obmena u zhvachnykh zhivotnykh / N. V. Kurilov, N. A. Sevast'yanova // Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. - 1968. - T. 3, № 2. - S. 64-68.

26. Kharitonov, E. L. Kompleksnye issledovaniya protsessov rubtsovogo i kishechnogo pishchevareniya u zhvachnykh zhivotnykh v svyazi s prognozirovaniem obrazovaniya konechnykh produktov perevarivaniya kormov : avtoref. diss. … d-ra biol. nauk / Kharitonov E.L. - Borovsk, 2003. - 51 s.

27. Galochkina, V. P. Vliyanie kormov s nizkoi raspadaemost'yu proteina v rubtse na produktivnost' otkarmlivaemykh bychkov / V. P. Galochkina // Zootekhniya. - 2006. - № 9. - S. 12-14.

28. Intensivnost' protsessov sinteza i katabolizma belkov tela i kharakter azotistogo metabolizma u rastushchikh bychkov / M. D. Aitova [i dr.] // Problemy fiziologii, biokhimii, biotekhnologii i pitaniya sel'skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh : sb. nauch. tr. / VNIIFBP. - Borovsk, 1993. - S. 227-229.

29. Effect of degradable intake protein level on finishing cattle performance and ruminal metabolism / D. H. Shain [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 1998. - Vol. 76(1). - R. 242-248.

30. Effect of ruminal vs postruminal administration of degradable protein on utilization of low-quality forage by beef steers / C. A. Bandyk [et al.] // J. Anim. Sci. - 2001. - Vol. 79(1). - R. 225-231.

31. Kurilov, P. N. Effektivnost' ispol'zovaniya kormov v zavisimosti ot razlichnogo sootnosheniya legko i trudnorasshcheplyaemogo proteina v ratsione korov / P. N. Kurilov, V. A. Devyatkin // Proteinovoe pitanie i produktivnost' zhvachnykh zhivotnykh : sb. nauch. tr. Borovsk, 1989. - T. 36. - S. 79-84.

32. Pogosyan, D. G. Perevarimost' nerasshcheplyaemogo v rubtse proteina razlichnykh kormov v kishechnike rastushchikh bychkov : avtoref. diss. … kand. biol. nauk / Pogosyan D.G. - Borovsk, 1997. - 25 s.